Turning-tool.



J. HARTNESS.

TURNING TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 9, 190a.

1,020,49 Patented Ma1n19, 1912.

3SHEBTS-SHBET 1, Zw

. I W m I J. HARTNESS.

TURNING TOOL.

APPLICATION IILED SEPT. 9, 1908 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Patented Mar. 19, 1912.

wiw aesses. 5%? 49mm. 4 za J. HARTNESS.

TURNING TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 9, 1908.

1,020,494, Patented Mar. 19, 1912.

3 SHEETBSHEET 3.

JAMES HARTNESS, OF SPRINGFIELD, VERMONT.

TURNING-TOOL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 19, 1912.

Application filed September 9, 1908. Serial No. 452,309.

To all whom it may concern:

7 Be it known that I, Janus llaa' ivnss, Springfield, in the county of lVindsor and State of Vermont, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in 'Iurning-Tools, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has relation to metal-turning tools, and has for its object to provide improvements therein, by which the work may be supported more effectively against thrust of the cutter; the cutter may be fed relatively to the work by means coacting with the work, and the tool itself may be strengthened, rendered more accu 'ate in operation, and its etliciency otherwise increased.

On the accompanying drawings, I have illustrated a tool embodying the invention.

Figure 1 represents a plan view of the same. Fig. 2 represents a side elevation of the same. Fig. 3 represents a front elevation of the same. Fig. 4 represents a rear elevation of the same. Fig. represents a section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2. Fig. 6 represents a section on the line 6 6 of Fig. 2. Fig. 7 shows the work-rests arranged at an angle to assist the feeding of the tool relatively to the work. Fig. 8 shows the engagement of one of the work-rests with the work.

I have illustrated the invention in con nection with a turning tool having a cutter embodying the invention illustrated in my co-pending application, Serial No. 406,588, filed December 16, 1907, in which the cutter is formed as a wedge so that its inner and outer faces will receive substantially an equal pressure from the chip and the face of the work. Although I prefer to embody the invention in a tool of this character, nevertheless it will be understood that the various features of the invention may be utilized in connection with other forms of tool.

Upon the drawings, the tool is illustrated as consisting of a body or frame provided with a base member 20, which is adapted to.

be secured to the slide of a lathe, and a standard 21 rising from said base member at one end thereof. The standard is provided with an aperture 22 through which the work may pass. To the face of the upright or standard are pivoted what may be termed two carriers 23 and 2 1, the former of which receives and supports the work rests and the other of which receives and supports the cutter. The carrier is pivoted upon a stud I or pin 25 which projects forward from the 1 standard or upright near the base, as illustrated in Fig. '2, and the carrier 2st is similarly pivoted upon a stud or pin 26. To prevent these pins from springing or bending apart under pressure, they are connected by a link 27 which is apertured to receive them, and which is removably secured to the face of the standard by a screw 28. As an incident of constrimtion, the carriers 23 and 24: are socketed to receive the se1ni-circular ends of the link or tie-plate 27. The carrier 23 and the carrier 24 are cut away at their upper ends so that they may overlap, as shown in Figs. 1 and 9.. and the carrier 24 has a shoulder 29 which is adapted to engage a con'ipleinental shoulder 30 on the carrier 23. Said carriers are moved toward and from each other by a double eccentric 31 formed on the end of a shaft 32 which is journaled in the upright or standard 91. The outer member of the eccentric is indicated at 31 and it is located in an aperture 32 in the carrier 24. The other member 31" of the eccentric is located in an aperture 33 in'the carrier 23 and engages one wall thereof, so that, when the handle 19st on the end of the shaft 32 is rocked, the two carriers will be drawn and looked closely together so as to hold the instrumentalities respectively supported by them in proper relation to the work.

The cutter is not essentially dissimilar from those described in my application hereinbefore referred to. It consists of an elongated bar or shank 34-. placed in a groove or socket 135 formed in the side of the *arrier Q4. The operative end 35 of the cutter is wedge-shaped, so that its inner face may rest flatly against the face of the work. The cutting edge of the cutter is coincident with the corner of the shank or bar 34, and said corner is pivoted or fulcrumed in an angle formed by ribs or flanges or stops 36 in the upper wall of the groove The lower side or edge of the bar is convexly curved and is supported upon pins 37, 38 which are adjustable by screws 39, 40, respectively, introduced into the carrier 2 The said corner of the bar or shank is held in its 'flllCIIlll'l by pins or members 4:], ll, (see Fig. 2). These pins are arranged adjacent the ribs or flanges 36 and they are forced against the shank of the cutter by a shaft 13 having cams or eccentrics 44 which engage the outer ends of the pins. The shaft is provided with a handle 45 by which it may be rocked. The

cutter may be rocked about its fulcruming point to cause the cutter to make its initial cut into the work or for other purposes by means of a slide as. This slide is illustrated as cylindrical, and it is placed in a transverse aperture in the carrier 24. At its end, it is provided with a transverse groove or recess 47 to receive the lower side or edge of the shank or bar 34. The slide is reciprocated by a shaft 48 which has a rib or tooth 4-9 entering a transverse groove in the slide 46. The shaft 48 is arranged substantially paral lel with the cutter bar and it is provided with a handle 50 by which. it may be oscillated. By rocking the handle 50, the slide 46 may be moved in one direction or the other so as to vary the angular position of the inner face of the cutter or that face which rests against the work.

For the purpose of longitudinally adjusting the cutter and holding it against outward movement, I employ a cylindrical bar 51 which is arranged above the cutter and which is inserted in a socket in the side of the carrier 24. The inner end of the bar is threaded so as to engage threads formed interiorly on the socket. The bar 51 has a collar 52, and, between this collar and a second collar 53 which is screwed in place and then secured by a set screw 54L, there is a block 55. The said block has a curved rib 56 which may be engaged in any one of a series of notches 57 in the upperedge of the cutter bar. By rocking the block 55 to an abnormal posit-ion, the rib 56 may be disengaged from the notch 57 so as to permit the removal of the cutter bar. The block may be adjusted longitudinally of the cutter by rotating the bar 51 on which it is loosely mounted, the rotation of said bar being effected by a handle 58 pivoted thereto and having a milled head 59. Threaded into the block are two stop-screws 60, (31', either of which may be brought into alinement with the sides of the carrier so as to limit the in Ward movement of the block and accurately position the cutter with respect to the work. I have stated that the bloc: is loosely mounted on the bar 51 and I mean that it is capable of rotating around the bar although it is held frictionally between the collars 52 and 53.

On the carrier 23, as previously stated, are supported the work-rests. These workrests are arranged to engage the periphery of the turned portion of the work and also the face or shoulder on the work from which the metal is being removed by the cutter. The rests consist of rotatable members whose end faces engage the periphery of the turned portion of the work and whose peripheries (although not necessarily for some purposes) engage the face or shoulder of the work, the axes of rotation of said rests being approximately radial to a line coincident with the axis of the work. These members may be formed in any one of a variety of ways. I have illustrated them as consisting of disks 62 which are formed by flanges at the ends of the shafts or spindles 63. These spindles are rotatably mounted in socket members (34. Each socket member is sleeve like in construction, having one end open to receive the spindle and having at the other end an angular boss 65 through which a screw G6 ispassed. Each sleeve or socket member is exteriorly threaded and is inserted in a partially threaded aperture in the carrier 23, and it may be adjusted toward and from the work. The two sleeves or socket members are arranged at an angle to each other, one opposite to the end of the cutter so as to resist the thrust of the work directly away from the cutter, and the other at a point between the first-mentioned sleeve and the cutter so that the rest will bear upon the top of the work and resist its tendency to spring upward. Each of the socket members may be locked in position by a pin 67. These pins are arranged at an angle to each other, as shown in Fig. 2, and against their ends rests a plate 68 with which is engaged a shoulder on a screw 69 passed into a threaded aperture in the side of the carrier 23. By means of this screw 69. the pins 7 may be forced tightly against the socket members.

In the socket members are one or more -washers or wearin disks 70 a ainst which the ends of the spindles 63 bear, said washers or disks being interposed between the spindles and the ends of the screws 66. Said screws may be adjusted by rotating them so as to vary the position of the work-rests and may be locked after adjustment by lock-nuts 71, 72. J

The socket members, as shown in Fig. 5, are slightly inclined longitudinally of the axis of the work or to a line coincident therewith, so that the faces of the rests, if they were fiat, would be at a slight acute angle to the axis of the work. The end faces of the work-rests, however, are bev eled so that the engagement of each face with the work is all on one side of the axis of the workrest. This arrangement provides that the engagement of the rests with the periphery of the turned work shall partake of both the nature of a rolling contact and a sliding contact. This decreases the frictional engagement between the workrests and the work, and at the same time prevents the entry of chips and cuttings or other foreign matter between them. The peripheries of the work-rests preferably engage the shoulder or face-of the work, as illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7.

As previously indicated, I may utilize the workrests in effecting a relative movement of the tool and the work, or assisting in holding the cutter against the work. To do this,

I so arrange the socket members 64 that their axes are also at a tangent to a circle circumscribed about the axis of the work, as illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8.

Preferably the periphery of the rest is brought against the face of the work, as shown in Fig. 8, so that as the work rotates in the direction of the arrow a, it efiects the rotation of the work-rest in the direction of the arrow 5. This rotation of the work-rest tends to feed the work relatively to the tool or the tool relatively to the work, and this tendency toward effecting a relative movement of the parts maintains the engagement between the work-rest and the face of the work. WVith this arrangement, the line of engagement between the face of the workrests and the periphery of the work would be at a tangent to a circle circumscribed about the axis of said work-rest, and at an angle to the work so that the rotation of the rest will feed the work forward.

The provision of the work-rests, the faces of which engage the work, permits the tool to be so formed that the thrust of the work may be met by a rigid unyielding abutment.

Having thus explained the nature of my said intention, and described a way of constructing and using the same, although without attempting to set forth all of the forms in which it may be made or all of the modes of its use, what I claim is:

1. In a metalturning tool, a rotatable work-rest having a work-engaging face transverse to its axis of rotation, and means for mounting said workrest to rotate.

2. In a metal-turning tool, a cutter, a plurality of freely rotatable work-rests. and means for mountii'ig them with their axes of rotation substantially radially of a common axis.

3. In a metal-turning tool, a rotatable work-rest having at its end a work-engaging beveled face at an angle to its axis of rota tion, and means for mounting said workrest to rotate.

t. In a metal-turning tool, a rotatable work-rest having at its end a beveled workengaging face, and a cylindrical peripheral work-engaging face adjacent the beveled end face.

5. In a metal-turning tool, a rotatable workrest, and a support on which said work-rest is rotatively mounted, with its axis inclined longitudinally of a line with which the axis of the work coincides when the tool is in operation and tangential to a circle circumscribed about said line, said rest having on its transverse end a work-engaging face.

6. In a metal-turning tool, a cutter, a cooperating work-rest, and a support for said rest on Which said rest is rotatively mounted, said rest being inclined with respect to a line with which the axis of the work coincidcs when the tool is in operation, and having at its end a conical work-engaging face.

7. In a metal-turning tool, a cutter and two rotatable work-rests having work-engaging faces on their ends, said cutter and the axes of said work-rests being approximately radial of a common line, and means for supporting said cutter and said rests.

8. In a metal-trn'ning tool, a cutter, a freely rotatable \vork-rest having at its end a work-engaging face transverse to its axis of rotation, a socket member in which said rest is journaled, and means for supporting said socket member.

9. In a metal-turning tool, means for resisting the thrust of the cutter on the work, comprising a socket member, and a freely rotatable work-rest, consisting of a spindle journalcd in said socket member and having a work-engaging face at its end, substantially transverse to its axis of rotation.

10. In a metal-turning tool, a pair of rotatable workrests, consisting of rotary members whose axes are at an angle to each other and having work-engaging faces at their converging ends transverse to their respective axes of rotation.

11.. In a metal-turning tool, a pair of rotatable workrests, consisting of rotary members whose axes are at an angle to each other, said members having work-engaging faces on their converging ends transverse to their respective axes of rotation. and a carrier havin sockets in which said work-rests are journaled to rotate freely.

12. A turning tool, comprising a support, carriers pivoted on said support to move toward and from each other, a cutter on one of said carriers, one or more work-rests on the other of said carriers, and a member mounted on said support for engaging and moving both said carriers sin'iultaneously toward or from each other.

13. A turning tool, comprising a support, carriers pivoted on said support, a cutter on one of said carriers. one or more workrests on the other of said carriers, said carriers having free ends, and a rock-shaft journaled in said support and passed through apertures in said ends, said shaft having cams for swinging said supports about their pivots.

1st. A, turning tool, comprising a support, pins projecting from said support, a cutter carrier. a workrest carrier, said carriers being pivoted upon said pins, :1 link or tieplate connecting the ends of said pins. and a member on said support connected to the free ends of said carriers for simiiiltaneously moving them in opposite directions.

15. In a metal-turning tool, a holder or carrier having a socket or recess. a cutter therein and having a shank with transverse notches, a bar projecting from said holder or carrier, and an abutment on said bar movable transversely of the cutter into and out of engagement with said notched shank.

16. In a metal-turning tool, a holder or carrier having a socket or recess, a cutter therein having a shank with transverse notches, a bar projecting fro-1n said holder or carrier, an abutment on said bar movable transversely of said shank into and out of engagement with the notches in said shank, and means by which said abutment is adjusted relatively to said holder or carrier.

17. In a metal-turning tool, a holder or carrier having a socket or recess, a cutter therein having a shank with a transverse notch, a bar projecting from said holder or carrier, an abutment on said bar movable transversely of the shank into and out of engagement with said notch therein, and one or more adjustable stops for limiting the adjustment of said abutment.

18. In a metal-turning tool, a holder or carrier having a cutter-receiving recess, a cutter therein comprising a bar or shank having a plurality of transverse notches, and an abutment on said holder or carrier movable transversely of said shank to ent any one of said notches, whereby said cutter may be adjusted longitudinally into several predetermined positions and secured in such positions.

19. In a metal-turning tool, a holder or carrier having a cutter-receiving recess, a cutter therein comprising a bar or shank having a plurality of transverse notches, an abutment on said holder or carrier movable transversely relatively to said shank and adapted to engage any one of said notches, whereby said cutter may be adjusted longitudinally into several predetermined positions, and means for adjusting said abutment in a direction longitudinal of said shank.

20. In a metal-turning tool, a body or frame, a carrier pivoted thereto, means for moving said carrier relatively to said body, said carrier having a socket in one side, a cutter located in said socket and having transverse notches, and a member carried by said carrier and having a movable abutment to engage any one of said notches whereby the cutter may be adjusted to a desired position and then be moved into work-engaging position.

21. In a metal-turning tool, a support, a cutter comprising a bar or shank having a cutting edge extending endwise of its length,

a stop on said support taking over the side of said bar, a movable member to engage the other side of said bar, and a manually operated device to move said member and clamp said bar against said stop.

22. In a metal-turning tool, a support, a cutter comprising a bar or shank having a longitudinally extending cutting edge, stops on said support taking over the side of said bar, movable members on said support opposite said stops to clamp the bar thereagainst, and a manually operated device en gaging said movable members to actuate them.

23. In a metal-turning tool, a cutter, and rotatable work-rests whose axes converge, each rest comprising a disk with a workengaging face and a spindle or shank, adjustable socket members in which said shanks are journaled, and means in said sockets engaging the ends of the said shanks and resisting the end thrust of said workrests.

2 1-. In a metal-turning tool, a support, rotatable work-rests having end work-engaging faces and arranged with converging axes, socket members in which said Workrests are journaled arranged in recesses in said support, and means for clamping said socket members.

25. In a metal-turning tool, a support, rotatable workrests having end work-engaging faces and arranged with coi'ivergin-g axes, socket members in which said workrests are journaled arranged in recesses in said support, members for engaging and clamping said sockets, and means for operating said members simultaneously.

26. In a metal-turning tool, a body having a work-receiving opening, a carrier pivoted to said body, a member for connecting the free end of said carrier with said body, a cutter seated on said carrier and having its operative .end projecting into said opening, said cutter consisting of an elongated bar having at its said operative end a cutting edge extending lengthwise of said bar, and means for securing said cutter bar on said carrier.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES HARTNESS.

lVitnesses MARCUS B. MAY, P. IV. Pnzzn'rrr.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents. Washington, I). G. 

